Palabras clave
RNAi
SIGS
siRNA
Cómo citar
Resumen
El control de Fusarium spp. representa un reto fitosanitario a nivel global debido a su amplia gama de hospederos y su persistencia en el suelo. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar los fundamentos biológicos y tecnológicos que sustentan el uso de RNA interferente como alternativa al uso de fungicidas convencionales, en particular la estrategia de aspersión de RNA. Se examinaron mecanismos moleculares de infección y silenciamiento génico, así como criterios de diseño de RNA con potencial interferente con base en la accesibilidad estructural, el sesgo de nucleótidos y la asimetría termodinámica. La metodología consistió en una revisión de literatura científica, con énfasis en estudios acerca de mecanismos moleculares de infección, silenciamiento génico y criterios de diseño de RNA con potencial interferente, complementada con el análisis de propuestas experimentales reportadas sobre su aplicación por aspersión. Las estrategias basadas en el silenciamiento génico ofrecen ventajas frente a los métodos tradicionales por su especificidad y menor impacto ambiental, aunque presentan limitaciones asociadas a la variabilidad genética, las condiciones ambientales y los marcos regulatorios. Se concluye que la integración de criterios de diseño molecular con conocimientos ecológicos del patógeno permitirá avanzar hacia estrategias más robustas y sostenibles de control.
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