Palabras clave
biorefinería
furfural
intensificaci´ón de procesos
Cómo citar
Resumen
Los biocombustibles derivados de residuos de biomasa lignocelulósica
presentan una alternativa sostenible al permitir la reutilización de desechos y la sustitución de combustibles fósiles. No obstante, la rentabilidad de la producción de biocombustibles sigue siendo limitada, lo que ha impulsado la adopción de un enfoque de producción simultánea de otros bioproductos mediante esquemas de biorrefinería. Entre los biocombustibles, el bioetanol se destaca por su capacidad para sustituir a la gasolina en ciertos porcentajes. En cuanto a los bioproductos de alto valor agregado, se puede mencionar al furfural y el ácido láctico. A pesar de estas opciones, su viabilidad puede verse comprometida si no se establecen esquemas competitivos económicamente frente a las fuentes fósiles. En este contexto, la intensificación de procesos desempeña un papel crucial, ya que podría contribuir a desarrollar procesos más compactos y con menor consumo de energía. Este estudio realiza un análisis de las propuestas existentes en los procesos de conversión de
biomasa a bioetanol, así como en los procesos de purificación de bioproductos como el ácido láctico y el furfural, y abarca tanto métodos convencionales como intensificados. El objetivo es resaltar el esquema de biorrefinería y explorar el potencial de la co-producción de bioetanol y bioproductos, considerando tanto la perspectiva económica como la ambiental.
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