Sustainable collection of natural water sources for vertical hydroponic systems

Abstract

Climate change and the wasteful utilization of water have negatively impacted global production of greenhouse-grown crops. It is calculated that agriculture requires 72% of the world's accessible freshwater. This research focuses on the community of El Capulín, located in the municipality of Amealco de Bonfil, Queretaro, where harvests have decreased by up to 30%, affecting both commerce and local consumption. In the face of this situation, the community's system of dams and wells has represented the only means of water capture and supply for crops. In order to optimize this vital element's reserves, drip irrigation is utilized; nevertheless, this solution is insufficient due to an absence of infrastructure and maintenance in the irrigation system. As a countermeasure, a dual sustainable water capture and supply system was proposed, based on natural sources, such as rain and fog. This system enables water storage and crop irrigation by means of absorption in a vertical hydroponic arrangement. Due to the conjuction of these technologies and the favorable climatic conditions, it was possible to collect 35 liters of water. In conclusion, the synergy between the water capture system and the community's climatic conditions positively contributed to the water recollection for vertical hydroponics.