Abstract
There is a growing interest in the challenges associated with the structures of soil microbial communities that contribute to the stability of agroecosystems and increase crop production to meet the high demand for food and energy in modern agriculture. Currently, major advances in soil metagenomics and spatial patterning of microbial communities and community-level molecular features can be exploited as "biomarker" indicators of ecosystem processes for sustainable health monitoring. This review describes the past, present and ongoing theoretical and methodological strategies used to evaluate and better understand the distribution and evolution of bacteria, fungi, nematodes and archaea with the aim of promoting agricultural practices that use said diversity for the proper functioning of the soil biology and, more broadly, ecosystem services.
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