Palabras clave
Dispersión
Gases tóxicos
Plantas químicas
Seguridad de procesos
Cómo citar
Resumen
La seguridad de procesos desempeña un papel crucial en el diseño y la operación de las plantas químicas. Actualmente, los escenarios que suponen un riesgo en los procesos químicos se deben comprender desde el punto de vista de los fenómenos de transporte de los fluidos involucrados; en específico, la dispersión de gases tóxicos, que ponen en riesgo la salud de los trabajadores. En este sentido, el avance tecnológico y el incremento exponencial de la capacidad de cómputo en las últimas décadas han favorecido las técnicas de dinámica de fluidos computacional (cfd en inglés) por encima de los modelos convencionales de dispersión. Este trabajo describe los fundamentos de las técnicas de cfd complementados con una revisión de estudios sobre esta herramienta computacional en el modelado y la simulación de dispersión de gases tóxicos en plantas químicas. Además, se incluye un caso de estudio demostrativo y una discusión sobre las perspectivas de este enfoque: su estado actual, ventajas, limitaciones y áreas de oportunidad. Estos puntos permiten enfatizar el papel y la importancia de las técnicas de cfd en los análisis de riesgo llevados a cabo en las plantas químicas, especialmente aquellas donde puede ocurrir la fuga y dispersión de gases tóxicos.
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