Ethics and Bioethical Principles in Vaccine Research in Health Emergencies
Main Article Content
Abstract
Biomedical research offers the possibility of new knowledge to improve the human life; this type of research requires human participants and must be carried out with high scientific and ethical standards. Scientific research involving human participants requires to protect them from the potential risks and harms of the research procedures and to provide them benefits from their research participation. Research of new vaccines to prevent human diseases is one of the most recognized in the worldwide for the benefits to prevent diseases and to diminish the number of deaths; Actually for the new CoViD-19 /SARS- COV-2 pandemic, it has begun the search for a vaccine that can improve the dismal outlook for the health, the economy and the development of societies around the world; protocols are being developed in a large number of countries for the treatment of the disease and for the development of a vaccine. Developing an effective vaccine in a short time to reduce the damage and the number of deaths will undoubtedly represent a benefit for global health, however all of these studies require the participation of healthy volunteers who will be intentionally exposed to CoViD-19 /SARS- COV-2. This paper presents the review of documents on the ethical justification and the application of bioethical principles in the development of vaccines in health emergencies.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Beauchamp, T., y J. Childress (2019). Principles of Biomedical Ethics: Marking Its Fortieth Anniversary. The American Journal of Bioethics, 19 (11), 9-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2019.1665402.
Beauchamp, T. L. (1994). Principles of biomedical ethics.
Brown, A. L., M. Sperandio, C. P. Turssi, R. M. A. Leite, V. F. Berton, R. M. Succi, H. Larson, y M. H. Napimoga (2018). Vaccine Confidence and Hesitancy in Brazil. Cadernos De Saude Publica, 34 (9), Article e00011618. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00011618.
Camacho, J. G., A. S. Benedicto y M. G.-O. Artazcoz (2010). Ética y vacunas: más allá del acto clínico. Bioética y pediatría. Proyectos de vida plena. Sociedad de Pediatría Madrid Castilla-La Mancha. Reyes M, Sánchez M. Madrid, 229-236.
Carta publicada en Science (2020). Letter to Health Social Services and Food and Drug Administration. Estados unidos debe permitir a los voluntarios ser infectados en pruebas para evaluar la vacuna del coronavirus. Argumentan legisladores. disponible en: https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/04/united-states-should-allow-volunteers-be-infected-coronavirus-test-vaccines-lawmakers?utm_campaign=news_daily_2020-04-21&et_rid=381869823&et_cid=3295090#
Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) (2022). Weekly Epidemiological Update. disponible en: https://reliefweb.int/report/world/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-weekly-epidemiological-update-11-january-2022?gclid=Cj0KCQjw37iTBhCWARIsACBt1IzW8Mg1gmh9g-IWUUZjjSn3gAbZO7PRCr1ZPSdyNkiVTrcmNcRvLQoaArvKEALw_wcB
Crager, S. E. (2014). Improving Global Access to New Vaccines: Intellectual Property, Technology Transfer, and Regulatory Pathways. American Journal of Public Health (1971), 104 (11), e85-e91. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2014.302236.
Daniel, C.-M., y P.-S. Carmen (2019). Medios y desconfianza en vacunas: un análisis de contenido en titulares de prensa. Revista latina de comunicación social, (74), 786-802. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2019-1357.
Fischhoff, B. (2015). The Realities of Risk-cost-benefit Analysis. Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 350 (6260), aaa6516-aaa6516. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa6516.
Foster, M. (2021) Vaccine Ethics: Between Autonomy and the Common Good. https://www.luiss.edu/news/e4c40058-97e4-42dd-a317-a76c4e30b529.
Friesen, P., L. Kearns, B. Redman, A. L. Caplan (2017). Rethinking the Belmont Report? The American Journal of Bioethics, 17 (7), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2017.1329482.
Holm, S. (2020). Controlled Human Infection with SARS-CoV-2 to Study COVID-19 Vaccines and Treatments: Bioethics in Utopia. Journal of Medical Ethics, 46 (9), 569-573. https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2020-106476.
Melo, J. O. (2020). Epidemias: ¿se puede aprender algo de ellas? Revista de la Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, 38 (3), 3. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfnsp.e341912.
Moodley, K., K. Hardie, M. J. Selgelid, R. J. Waldman, P. Strebel, H. Rees y D. Durrheim, (2013). Ethical Considerations for Vaccination Programmes in Acute Humanitarian Emergencies. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, (91), 290-297.
Nuremberg Code. (2004). En S. G. Post (ed.). Encyclopedia of Bioethics (3rd ed. ed., Vol. 5, pp. 2817-2818). Macmillan Reference USA.
Ogbogu, U., y L. Hardcastle (2021). Bioethics and Practical Justice in the Post-COVID-19 Era. Developing World Bioethics. https://doi.org/10.1111/dewb.12279.
Qiu, W., S. Rutherford, A. Mao y C. Chu (2016). The Pandemic and its Impacts. Health, Culture & Society.
Resnik, D. B. (2015). Unequal Treatment of Human Research Subjects. Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy, 18 (1), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11019-014-9569-6.
Shah, N. (2011). Ethical Issues in Biomedical Research and Publication. Journal of Conservative Dentistry, 14 (3), 205-207. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-0707.85787.
Sheikh, S., E. Biundo, S. Courcier, O. Damm, O. Launay, E. Maes, C. Marcos, S. Matthews, C. Meijer, A. Poscia, M. Postma, O. Saka, T. Szucs y N. Begg (2018). A Report on the Status of Vaccination in Europe. Vaccine, 36 (33), 4979-4992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.06.044.
Tealdi, J. C. (2015). Bioethical Problems in Researching New Vaccines: Do They Respond to Public Health Reasons? Salud Colectiva, 11 (1), 87-97. https://doi.org/10.18294/sc.2015.417.
Ten Have, H. A. M. J. (2020). Sheltering at Our Common Home. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-020-10014-x.
Varo Baena, A. (2020). Bioética de vacunaciones y salud pública. Vacunas, 21 (1), 57-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacun.2019.10.002.
Walker, P., C. Whittaker, O. Watson, M. Baguelin, K. Ainslie, S. Bhatia, S. Bhatt, A. Boonyasiri, O. Boyd y L. Cattarino (2020). Report 12: The global impact of COVID-19 and strategies for mitigation and suppression [Report].